INTERNET:
- A global communications system capable of exchanging data through complex computer and server networks. A global network used to connect people around the world through many different things. However, due to the vast size of the internet networks have become fragmented into sub-networks to relieve the high traffic flow for efficiency and act as safe under damaged network conditions
INTERNET OPERATES:
- Internet is run by the server. This is where information on the internet is stored. In addition, they can also share information with other servers and also make all the information available to the public. For companies or individuals to access the internet they need to use a browser type. This is what it is used to access information on the internet. Without using a browsers type people will not be able to access the internet. The internet can work either wireless or wired. Connecting with cables is where they need to plug the computer into a Wi-Fi in order to work with the internet
SERVERS:
- The primary access point for a computer or client and operates by allowing access to data hosted on its own servers or replicated hosted data on another server. Internet is the host of various types of data which is why some servers are now experts in organizing certain types of data or implementing something for efficiency. Examples of servers:
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| Figure 1 |
- Internet
- Modem
- Router
- Secured Wireless Access Point
- Server
- Firewall
- Switch
- Work Stations
- Printers
CONNECTIONS:
- There are three main types of internet connection with each offering different connection speeds and data transmission methods:
- Modem or Dial-Up
- Broadband
- Fiber Optic
a) Modem or Dial-Up
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| Figure 2 |
- The internet connection with modem uses analog signal through telephone line to make connection with internet service provider. The information requested sent back via telephone line in analog signal which then converted by modem to digital format and accessible to the computer
b) Broadband
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| Figure 3 |
- The connections deliver information through DSL or cable lines and provide fixed and fast internet connectivity without interruption to phone line. The telecommunications where broad frequency is available for transmitting information
c) Fiber Optic
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| Figure 4 |
- The pathways using light emission and refraction signals to transmit data via fiber optic cables are transformed into formats on the router so the computer can understand the information
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP)
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| Figure 5 |
- It is an organizations that provide access to the internet using dial-up, broadband or fiber optic connections. The data may be sent using several technologies. Businesses that offer internet and businesses that offer internet and business access to individuals
WORLDWIDE WEB (WWW):
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| Figure 6 |
- A system that allows users to exchange files and information over the internet through websites. Basically, an internet server system that supports specially formatted documents. It is based on a number of different technologies that make users search and share information over the internet which includes web browsers:
- Hypertext Markup Languages (HTML)
- Hypertext Transfer Protocols (HTTP)
- To access the internet and view webpages, users need internet browsing software such as Internet Explorer that displays HTML-coded files and expert files that may require plugins
PROTOCOLS:
- It is a set of rules that users and internet devices should follow to maintain the efficiency and function of the internet. There are three protocols that must be followed:
- Internet Protocol (IP)
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
a) Internet Protocol
- It sets a unique 10-digit identification number to every device, network, host and organization connected to the internet. It sets a rules that govern the format of data transmitted over the internet or other networks
b) Transmission Control Protocol
- The data sent over the internet is initially broken into smaller binary code clusters called pockets to the intended IP address. The transport layer control on the OSI layer and is used to make connections between remote computers by transporting and ensuring the transmission of messages over the support and internet network
c) Hypertext Transfer Protocol
- It is a coding where web browsers and servers deliver data to one another and determine the order of communication patterns and converted data formats. The function of this protocol is to establish a specific way in which the web browser and server sent data through HTML. Without HTML, the internet will be a different network that all strive to operate with each other. The data is converted into web flows around the world in an organized pattern and understood when data exchange is complete
DOMAIN NAMES:
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| Figure 7 |
- It is an alternative method for entering a website address that uses an alphabetical and numerical symbol that opposes an IP address. It created because people cannot remember long numbered IP addresses. For instance, www.google.com
WORLDWIDE WEB CONSORTIUM (W3C):
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| Figure 8 |
- It is a major body in ensuring the worldwide web grows in ways that are accessible and useful in some ways. The mission for full potential by developing protocols and guidelines to ensure long term web growth. It is also to ensure industry experts comply with certain core principles and structures and operate using compatible HTML coding to maximize the accessibility and benefits of the material
INTERNET SOCIETY (ISOC):
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| Figure 9 |
- A global company that focuses efforts on internet-related standards and supports several smaller administrative bodies. It is the same as the worldwide web in a way that both want the internet to flourish in a useful way
NETWORK:
- A system that consists of two or more linked computer devices and can communicate with each other in a certain way. There are several different network connections including:
- Home-area Network (HAN)
- Local-area Network (LAN)
- Wide-area Network (WAN)
- Metropolitan-area Network
- Wireless networks use LAN connections via radio waves to connect different devices and quickly cut wired connections because of the benefits they hold
WI-FI:
- It allows wireless connections between devices using certain radio signals which allows access to the internet and other computers on the network. However, the router must be connected to the internet to provide internet access to the connected device. It is useful because it allows internet access without any cables and can be taken as long as it is within the wireless router environment
BLUETOOTH:
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| Figure 10 |
- It connects the device wirelessly. It can be used to send a small amount of data commonly used by mobiles phones and cameras. It can also be used by laptops computers as long as they have a Bluetooth chip installed of it has been installed in it
4G:
- It is the fourth generation of cellular networks. It is the faster network speed and better network coverage which uses wireless application protocol (WAP) to enable connection to the internet
PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT (PDA):
- A handheld computer device capable of storing and organizing personal data, connecting to the internet and transferring data via Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. The most of it have built up the ability to save records, connect to the internet and other network to download upload data and synchronize data with data on desktop computers
SMARTPHONES:
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| Figure 11 |
- It is the same like personal digital assistant which can be used to organize personal data, surf the internet and have Bluetooth and Wi-Fi capabilities. however, it have more sophisticated software than personal digital assistants and are able to run advanced applications and use other technologies such as 4G
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